Compare Data: Countries
This table presents a summary of the indicators reported by the partners in the seven countries where Making the Forest Sector Transparent is working. It is important to note that the indicators are not directly comparable because of the differing country-specific contexts and assessments by the partners.
Year: 2011
| Freedom of Information Law |
Although there is no specific freedom of information law, the Con
Although there is no specific freedom of information law, the Constitution and certain national laws recognise the right to information. These documents are accessible from internet sites. Read the report...
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The Right to Information Bill was tabled in Parliament in Februar
The Right to Information Bill was tabled in Parliament in February 2010 and went through the first reading, but since then there has been no further progress in its passage towards being signed into law. Read the report...
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The Freedom of Information Act was signed into law in 2010 and is
The Freedom of Information Act was signed into law in 2010 and is publicly available, but the Independent Information Commissioner has not yet been appointed by the President as required in Chapter 5 of the law. Read the report...
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Peru has rules that demand transparency and access to information
Peru has rules that demand transparency and access to information, especially the Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information, however the majority of government bodies do not comply with the minimum standards required by the norm, and as a result information provision is still insufficient and incomplete. Read the report...
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The Organic Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information
The Organic Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information was approved in 2004. The Ombudsman is responsible for promoting and overseeing the law, and has published a resolution on its parameters. Read the report...
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The Law of Access to Public Information passed in 2008 is availab
The Law of Access to Public Information passed in 2008 is available on various government websites. Read the report...
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A draft law has been submitted to the Senate and is waiting to be
A draft law has been submitted to the Senate and is waiting to be reviewed by the ad hoc commission in order to be included for adoption in a parliamentary session’s agenda. Read the report...
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| National Forest Policy |
The national forest policy is accessible on demand from the Minis
The national forest policy is accessible on demand from the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife and also in the internet. Read the report...
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The policy framework, as contained in the 1994 Forest and Wildlif
The policy framework, as contained in the 1994 Forest and Wildlife Policy, is publicly available and recognizes the right of citizens’ participation in forest resources management, but it has not been translated into law. The policy was being reviewed over 2011. Read the report...
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The National Forest Policy in 2006 sets out to address immediate
The National Forest Policy in 2006 sets out to address immediate rehabilitation and 10 year medium term needs of the nation, and is primarily focused on deriving macro-economic benefits from the forestry sector. Read the report...
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There is a document called the third preliminary version of the N
There is a document called the third preliminary version of the National Forest Policy, which was updated in June 2010, but this document still has not been approved. However, it has been published and is available on the website of the General Directorate of Forestry and Wildlife. Read the report...
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Since its design in 2000, the Strategy for Sustainable Forest Dev
Since its design in 2000, the Strategy for Sustainable Forest Development has been evaluated, updated and adapted to the reality of national forest context. This document is the orientating instrument for forest policy in Ecuador. In 2011, the Sub-Secretary of Natural Heritage published a document which explains and defines the model of Ecuadorian forest governance. Read the report...
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In the 2001 Forest Policy of Guatemala, the State sets out the po
In the 2001 Forest Policy of Guatemala, the State sets out the policy to be followed in relation to the use, development, administration, recovery and management of forest resources. The policy is available on the web-pages of the Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the President and on website of the National Institute of Forests (INAB) Read the report...
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The agenda drawn up by the World Bank in 2007 is used as a forest
The agenda drawn up by the World Bank in 2007 is used as a forest policy document, while the actual forest policy document is being drafted by the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Tourism. A draft document is not yet available to the public. Read the report...
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| Codified Forest Laws and Norms |
The forest law and the implementing regulations are available on
The forest law and the implementing regulations are available on request from the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife, and there is an effort is make it widely available on the internet. Read the report...
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There are the several laws that regulate the protection and manag
There are the several laws that regulate the protection and management of the forest. Read the report...
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The National Forestry Reform Law was adopted in 2006, and subsequ
The National Forestry Reform Law was adopted in 2006, and subsequently Ten Core Regulations and regulations on benefit sharing have been passed. These norms are publicly available. Read the report...
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Even though there is no Forest Code in Peru, forest legislation i
Even though there is no Forest Code in Peru, forest legislation is provided for by a law and secondary regulations that implement it in practice. Read the report...
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The forest law and norms are available through the webpage of the
The forest law and norms are available through the webpage of the Ministry of Environment. The Law of Forests and Conservation of Natural Areas and Wildlife, which was codified in 2004, is in the process of being updated. Read the report...
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The Forest Law was decreed in 1996 and its 2005 code regulates th
The Forest Law was decreed in 1996 and its 2005 code regulates the governance system for the forest sector in Guatemala. These laws are available on various webpages, but have as yet not been translated into indigenous languages. Read the report...
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There is a law related to the Forestry Code and 37 regulatory mea
There is a law related to the Forestry Code and 37 regulatory measures out of the expected 45, as well as about twenty operational guides for forest management, but the code and forestry regulations have not been implemented consistently due to several issues, including the lack of regulation at the provincial and local level. Read the report...
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| Signed International Trade Agreements on Forests |
The Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) was signed on 6 October
The Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) was signed on 6 October 2010 and ratified by the European Union on 19 January 2011 and Cameroon on 19 August 2011 respectively. It is accessible on the website of the European Union. Read the report...
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Ghana signed a Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade Volunt
Ghana signed a Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade Voluntary Partnership Agreement with the European Union in November 2009 and ratified it on 19 March 2010. The final agreement and supporting documents are available to public. Read the report...
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The Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade Voluntary Partner
The Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) was initialled between Liberia and the European Union in May 2011. It is available at the VPA Secretariat but has not been uploaded on an official website. However, information on the official discussion is available at www.loggingoff.info Read the report...
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The Free Trade Agreement with the United States, which was approv
The Free Trade Agreement with the United States, which was approved in 2006, motivated the process of updating forest legislation. Likewise, there are free trade agreements with China and Chile, and negotiations for the agreement with the European Union ended on 28 February 2011. Read the report...
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Ecuador is a signatory of various international agreements relate
Ecuador is a signatory of various international agreements related to forests. It is currently negotiating a Development Trade Agreement with the European Union. Read the report...
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Guatemala has signed various international trade agreements and i
Guatemala has signed various international trade agreements and is in the process of signing others, however not all of the information surrounding these are easily available on-line. There are various documents about the Central America Free Trade Agreement with the United States, but there are not many about the Agreement of Association with the European Union that is currently being negotiated. Read the report...
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There are on-going negotiations on the Forest Law Enforcement Gov
There are on-going negotiations on the Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade Voluntary Partnership Agreement between DRC and the European Union. The agreement is expected to be signed in June 2013. The Congolese government is also a signatory to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Read the report...
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| Provisions for Transparency in Forest Laws |
The 1993 Forest Policy, the sub-regional agreements signed by Cam
The 1993 Forest Policy, the sub-regional agreements signed by Cameroon and the Voluntary Partnership Agreement with the European Union all insist on the participation of local communities and transparency as prerequisites for the implementation of sustainable forest management. Read the report...
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The Forestry Commission (FC) New Service Charter in 2008 provides
The Forestry Commission (FC) New Service Charter in 2008 provides for customers' right to information, but it is not being adhered to fully. Read the report...
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Section 18.15 of the National Forest Reform Law provides for publ
Section 18.15 of the National Forest Reform Law provides for public access to a range of forest sector information, Regulation 108c makes all information in the chain of custody system public, and Section 4.1 of the Community Rights Law provides for transparency and accountability in management of community forestry funds. Read the report...
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The norms issued for the forestry sector that provide for transpa
The norms issued for the forestry sector that provide for transparency are directly linked to the General Law of Transparency and Access to Information. Read the report...
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There are no laws or statutes that point to transparency in the f
There are no laws or statutes that point to transparency in the forest sector, however, the regulations that govern the sector and the new model of forest governance have requirements related to transparency and access to information. Read the report...
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The forest laws and norms do not make specific reference to acces
The forest laws and norms do not make specific reference to access to public information on the sector, but the Law of Access to Public Information stipulates the obligations of all public institutions. Read the report...
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The Congolese Forest Code does not include clear provisions for t
The Congolese Forest Code does not include clear provisions for transparency. Only articles 83 to 86 describe the procedures and way in which concessions are acquired by auction. Such provisions are insufficient to guarantee transparency in the forest concession acquisition process. Read the report...
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| Legal Recognition of Customary and Traditional Rights |
Recognition of customary rights in the forest law is limited to a
Recognition of customary rights in the forest law is limited to a right to insecure and restricted personal consumption of resources. Read the report...
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Customary law is recognised in the Constitution of Ghana as subor
Customary law is recognised in the Constitution of Ghana as subordinate to codified laws. Timber resource management regulations require forestry operations to respect traditional rights Read the report...
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Although the Constitution of the country recognizes customary and
Although the Constitution of the country recognizes customary and traditional rights, they are not fully recognised in forest laws and there are challenges in how the government supports local communities to enjoy this recognition. Read the report...
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Article 78 of the new Forest Law 29763 (which will come into forc
Article 78 of the new Forest Law 29763 (which will come into force once it has an implementing regulation) rules that the national authority recognises the concept of indigenous peoples’ forests and respects their traditional knowledge. Read the report...
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The Constitution as well as the environmental and forest regulati
The Constitution as well as the environmental and forest regulations recognises the rights of indigenous peoples and communities in decision-making about development activities in their territories. Read the report...
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Even though the State is obliged to recognise customary rights du
Even though the State is obliged to recognise customary rights due to the Peace Accords signed in 1996, and even though these rights are recognised in the Constitution of the Republic, there is no specific recognition in forest laws and norms. Read the report...
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The Forest Code recognises customary and traditional rights, prim
The Forest Code recognises customary and traditional rights, primarily in the context of requests for the acquisition of local community forests and the usage rights of communities living within and around concessions, as well as social agreements related to the implementation socio-economic infrastructure by concessionaries to benefit these communities. Read the report...
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| Legally Recognised Procedure for Consultation on New Forest-Related Norms |
There are no procedures setting out the method of consultation to
There are no procedures setting out the method of consultation to be used when developing new policies. Read the report...
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There is no legally enshrined procedure for consultation on new n
There is no legally enshrined procedure for consultation on new norms Read the report...
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The National Forest Reform Law and regulations 101-07 set out pro
The National Forest Reform Law and regulations 101-07 set out procedures for public consultation, which have been held on newly approved laws and regulations, for example on Benefit Sharing and the Community Rights Law. However, no reports from consultation processes have been published. Read the report...
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The Law on the Right to Prior Consultation of Indigenous or Nativ
The Law on the Right to Prior Consultation of Indigenous or Native Peoples requires a process of consultation before any legislative measure that could directly affect indigenous peoples and their collective rights. Furthermore, the new Forest Law 29763 stipulates recognition of this right and its fulfilment. Read the report...
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There is a Council of Citizens’ Participation and a law of citize
There is a Council of Citizens’ Participation and a law of citizens’ participation, which stipulates the right to free prior informed consultation in articles 81 and 82. At the time of this research, information on the reports of consultation processes cannot be found. Read the report...
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The System of Development Councils ensures that there is a formal
The System of Development Councils ensures that there is a formal procedure for consultation on the implementation of forest policy and law, while the National Agenda stipulates consultation methods for evaluating policies and laws and suggesting improvements. Read the report...
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Some legal texts set out consultation procedures, for example for
Some legal texts set out consultation procedures, for example for forest classification. Consultation is increasingly established as a standard procedure in the elaboration of new norms. However, forest communities’ points of view are hardly ever considered by the authorities during the decision-making process. Moreover, communities are not always given comprehensive information during consultations. Read the report...
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| Law Recognising Right to Free Prior Informed Consent |
There is no law that recognizes the right of communities to give
There is no law that recognizes the right of communities to give consent on the use of forests. Read the report...
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The Timber Resource Management Regulations Legislative Instrument
The Timber Resource Management Regulations Legislative Instrument 1649 indicates that before an area is given out for timber rights, written consent of the owners is required. Read the report...
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Ten Core Regulation 102 requires that in order to undertake comme
Ten Core Regulation 102 requires that in order to undertake commercial use on customarily held Forest Land, a Community Forestry Development Committee must grant free, prior and informed consent. Read the report...
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Free prior informed consent is expressly recognised in the recent
Free prior informed consent is expressly recognised in the recently approved Forest and Wildlife Law 29763 (which comes into force once it has an implementing regulation), and the Law on the Right to Prior Consultation of Indigenous or Native Peoples 29785, which is recognised in Convention 169 of the International Labour Organisation. Read the report...
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Article 57 of the Constitution of Ecuador 2008 guarantee the righ
Article 57 of the Constitution of Ecuador 2008 guarantee the right to free prior informed consultation on non-renewable resources, however it does not require consent. Read the report...
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There are a number of laws available to the public that recognise
There are a number of laws available to the public that recognise the right of consent of indigenous communities, but the procedures required to implement this right have not been regulated. Read the report...
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Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) is mentioned in the fores
Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) is mentioned in the forest code and in the law on the fundamental principles related to the protection of the environment. It is also mentioned as an essential part of the REDD process. Nevertheless, the legal recognition of FPIC has not yet been implemented in regulations or communicated to communities, who are not informed of their rights. Read the report...
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| National Land Tenure Policy |
The only existing document is a zoning plan for Southern Cameroon
The only existing document is a zoning plan for Southern Cameroon forests, which is available on request from the administration and on the Internet. Read the report...
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The ownership of forest reserves is clarified in the reservation
The ownership of forest reserves is clarified in the reservation gazette, but the status is usually not covered with title (and documentation) but under customary and traditional norms. The lack of a clear policy on tenure contributes to land disputes across the country. Read the report...
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There is no current document that sets out the national policy on
There is no current document that sets out the national policy on land tenure, but the Land Commission has been established to develop this policy. Read the report...
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There is no specific policy on land tenure, but there are policie
There is no specific policy on land tenure, but there are policies applied to the agricultural sector and forest sector that specify that there is no property ownership of forest resources but there is access to their sustainable use. Read the report...
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There are various legal bodies that directly or indirectly grappl
There are various legal bodies that directly or indirectly grapple with the policy of forest tenure. It is worth emphasising that the Land Law is being worked on; to date, the final proposal of the Bill of the Land Law has been elaborated. Read the report...
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The Agrarian Policy for 2009-2012 and the National Policy for Int
The Agrarian Policy for 2009-2012 and the National Policy for Integrated Rural Development stipulate the national policy on land tenure. Read the report...
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There is no national land policy in DRC. The land tenure code was
There is no national land policy in DRC. The land tenure code was promulgated before a land policy was developed, but there are many inconsistencies and conflicts between the land tenure code and other legislation (for example, relating to forests, oil and mining). Read the report...
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| Land Ownership and Forest Use Maps |
Maps of property titles are available but they do not hold inform
Maps of property titles are available but they do not hold information on small titles. These maps are available at the divisional level and on the Internet. Read the report...
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There are no ownership and forest land use maps but there are map
There are no ownership and forest land use maps but there are maps for most of the reserves and the off-reserves Read the report...
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The Forestry Development Authority has digitised maps for all con
The Forestry Development Authority has digitised maps for all contract areas and protected areas. They are made available to the public on request; however there is a charge to access them. There are no maps that show current forest ownership. Read the report...
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Since what was reported in 2010, technical maps that cover grante
Since what was reported in 2010, technical maps that cover granted rights have been made available to the public, but this information is not complete. Read the report...
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Several maps of the areas that are part of the National System of
Several maps of the areas that are part of the National System of Protected Areas are available on the website of the Ministry of Environment. Some municipalities also have a land registry that approximates land tenure, however these registers are not very precise. Read the report...
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There are no specific maps that comprehensively detail forest lan
There are no specific maps that comprehensively detail forest land tenure, but there are maps of forest licences and forest incentives at the national level, which also indicate land tenure of forested areas specific to those activities. Read the report...
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The only available maps are very general; the maps specific to co
The only available maps are very general; the maps specific to concessions are not accessible to the public and remain in the hands of concession holders. The World Resources Institute, with the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Tourism’s cooperation, has produced a map detailing forest concessions. Read the report...
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| Regulated Permit System for Commercial Logging Operations |
Commercial forestry operations are regulated. The permits are ava
Commercial forestry operations are regulated. The permits are available but are accessible only to the head office of the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife Read the report...
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Permits for timber resources and some non-timber forest products
Permits for timber resources and some non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are clearly indicated but for other NTFPs and environmental services, there is no clarity on the permit regime Read the report...
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The forestry law and regulations and the Public Procurement and C
The forestry law and regulations and the Public Procurement and Concession Act require transparent processes for allocating forest use permits, including publication of the final contract. Read the report...
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There is a regulated system of permits, whose titles are differen
There is a regulated system of permits, whose titles are differentiated in line with the law according to the method of access to the forest: a. Authorisations; b. Permits; y c. Concessions. Access to these contracts/permits is only through information requests. Read the report...
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The form of forest concessions does not apply to the forestry con
The form of forest concessions does not apply to the forestry context in Ecuador. Forestry contracts between stakeholders (for example, intermediaries y rural landowners) have traditionally been treated as contracts between private entities, which means that they should not necessarily be made public. Read the report...
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The Forest Law requires licences for forest use, but the contract
The Forest Law requires licences for forest use, but the contracts and other documents are not made available on the website of the National Institute of Forests; they are only available on request from its central office or from its regional directorates. Read the report...
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At the moment there is still a moratorium on the granting of new
At the moment there is still a moratorium on the granting of new industrial logging concessions. There is a well-established permit system, although the conversion criteria to be met prior to being granted a permit have only been partly complied with. It remains difficult to access logging permits in general from the authorities and permit-holders. Read the report...
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| Legal Requirement for Stakeholder Consultation before Allocation of Commercial Logging Permits |
There is no legal obligation for consultation before issuing perm
There is no legal obligation for consultation before issuing permits for commercial forestry. Read the report...
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There are consultation processes prior to permit allocation, whic
There are consultation processes prior to permit allocation, which are set out in the regulations Read the report...
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Regulation 104-07 Part Two Section 22 clearly states that “Before
Regulation 104-07 Part Two Section 22 clearly states that “Before seeking a Certificate for Concession with respect to an area, the Authority shall conduct preliminary consultations with Affected Communities”. Read the report...
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To date there is no requirement that obliges consultation of inte
To date there is no requirement that obliges consultation of interested parties (that are not owners of the forest) for the process of granting forestry concessions. Read the report...
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In Ecuador there is no allocation of user rights of the forests,
In Ecuador there is no allocation of user rights of the forests, which this indicator refers to. The allocation of licences or permits for forestry operations originate from the right of the landowner to use, enjoy and dispose of the elements of the property, amongst them the forest, except in cases where it is a community forest in which the communities carry out internal consultation. Read the report...
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In theory, before felling trees for commercial reasons, an enviro
In theory, before felling trees for commercial reasons, an environmental impact instrument must be used that requires public participation, as stipulated in Article 72 of the Regulation on Environmental Evaluation, Monitoring and Tracking. Read the report...
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There are no regulations requiring consultation as part of the al
There are no regulations requiring consultation as part of the allocation of logging permits. However, consultations take place during the granting of a concession and the drawing up of management plans, and industrial logging operators have to sign “social agreements” with affected local communities before contracts can be signed with the government. Read the report...
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| Verification Process (Due Diligence) of the Eligibility of Permit Applicants |
There is an independent observer for the allocation of logging pe
There is an independent observer for the allocation of logging permits, but it is not applicable to small titles. In addition, their reports are never made public. Read the report...
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The Timber Rights Evaluation Committee validates the bids for per
The Timber Rights Evaluation Committee validates the bids for permits and the companies involved, but only partial information is provided since only documents on the winner of the bid are publicly available. Read the report...
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Public procurement and forestry law include requirements for veri
Public procurement and forestry law include requirements for verification of applicants, but not all due diligence reports conducted on logging concessions have been made public. However, they can be obtained from FDA on request as these reports are listed as documents that should be available to the public. Read the report...
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There is currently no process, nor is one provided or by law, to
There is currently no process, nor is one provided or by law, to verify the technical and financial capacity of bidders. It is only assessed whether the bidder meets the minimum conditions to enter into a contract with the State (for example, having a Tax Identification Number; authorised representatives; and a management plan). Read the report...
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People that want to obtain forestry licences have to comply with
People that want to obtain forestry licences have to comply with certain requirements, which would signify that there is a due diligence process. The forestry licences are available after a request for information Read the report...
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A due diligence process is required by the Forest Law and other r
A due diligence process is required by the Forest Law and other regulations, as part of the forest management plans. These plans are only available by personal request from the National Institute of Forests (both regional and national), and not on its website. Read the report...
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An inter-ministerial commission published and disseminated in 200
An inter-ministerial commission published and disseminated in 2008 the results of the legal review on the conversion of former forest titles. Because of the moratorium on new forestry allocations, new concessions cannot be granted. This is leading to an increase in artisanal logging, for which there is no due diligence process. Read the report...
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| Forest Management Plans |
The elaboration of management plans and / or management of Forest
The elaboration of management plans and / or management of Forest Management Units (FMU), protected areas, community forests, communal forests and private forests is mandatory, but they are partially available on request or on the Internet. Read the report...
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The district officials are not obliged to publish logging plans,
The district officials are not obliged to publish logging plans, and there are no forest management plans for other forest products, eco-tourism or environmental services. Read the report...
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The forestry law requires that concession holders should not be i
The forestry law requires that concession holders should not be issued a harvesting certificate until the holder has an approved forest management plan. In practice, none of the logging companies issued harvesting certificates have made a management plan available publicly or on the Forestry Development Authority website. Read the report...
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Even though each rights-holder of a forestry operation permit is
Even though each rights-holder of a forestry operation permit is required to produce a final report of the forest management plan, these plans are not carried out and if they are compiled then they are not available to the public Read the report...
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The Ministry of Environment has developed a Forest Administration
The Ministry of Environment has developed a Forest Administration and Monitoring System (SAF) through which it monitors plans and licences of use and automatically grants timber transportation guides. Currently it is working on the second version of SAF. The plans are available through information requests. Read the report...
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There are requirements in the regulations for the completion of f
There are requirements in the regulations for the completion of forest management plans, but these documents are only available on request to the National Institute of Forests and not on their webpage. Read the report...
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The management plans of logging companies are only available upon
The management plans of logging companies are only available upon request. They are not available on the internet, although the Forest Code states that they should be published. Often, neighbouring communities are not sent any management plans. Read the report...
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| Regulation of Environmental Services |
To date, there are no regulations for environmental services.
To date, there are no regulations for environmental services. Read the report...
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The Environmental Protection Agency is working on plans for regul
The Environmental Protection Agency is working on plans for regulating environmental services, but no formal system has been proposed yet. Read the report...
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There is neither applicable legislation nor policy for environmen
There is neither applicable legislation nor policy for environmental services. The National Climate Change Secretariat (NCCS), the policy arm of government on climate change, has not developed any policy for environmental services. Read the report...
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There is no specific law that regulates ecosystem services; howev
There is no specific law that regulates ecosystem services; however they are addressed in norms of a general character (e.g. the General Law of the Environment and the Forest and Wildlife Law). Furthermore, there is a proposal for a Law of Compensation of Environmental Services, which is expected to be debated when it is picked up again by the Congress of the Republic. Read the report...
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Article 74 of the Constitution of Ecuador sets out that “environm
Article 74 of the Constitution of Ecuador sets out that “environmental services will not be subject to appropriation; their production, provision, use and operation shall be regulated by the State”. Currently there are on-going discussions on the regulations necessary to implement this article. Read the report...
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There are some regulations, such as one on biodiversity, but othe
There are some regulations, such as one on biodiversity, but other environmental services, such as water, are not regulated at a national level. The legislation that exists is available on the webpage of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. Read the report...
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There is no regulation that applies to the environmental services
There is no regulation that applies to the environmental services of forests. The question of ownership of carbon has started to be discussed in the context of REDD processes, but the development of a law is still far off. DRC has signed the Biodiversity Convention, but there are no regulatory instruments for its application. Read the report...
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| Strategic Environmental Assessment of Development Priorities |
Priorities for land use are not determined according to a formal
Priorities for land use are not determined according to a formal strategic process. Read the report...
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There is no Strategic Environmental Assessment to assess prioriti
There is no Strategic Environmental Assessment to assess priorities between development options that apply to the forestry sector. Read the report...
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A donor-driven Strategic Environmental Assessment was conducted i
A donor-driven Strategic Environmental Assessment was conducted in 2008/09. Concessions and permits for forestry, mining, agriculture and other land uses were granted before this assessment, and since then the Government has not established a formal strategic process for determining future priorities. Read the report...
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With the approval of the National Environmental Plan 2011-2021, s
With the approval of the National Environmental Plan 2011-2021, specific actions and goal have been provided that strengthen strategic assessment through Territorial Planning and Ecological and Economic Zoning. Even though this policy exists, it is important to add that it is still in the process of being implemented. Read the report...
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There is no policy as such for strategic environmental assessment
There is no policy as such for strategic environmental assessment; however, the National Planning Secretariat has a document that informs and facilitates understanding about the methodology for prioritisation of public investment projects, which is accessible through the web. Read the report...
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There are various policies on development priorities, but none co
There are various policies on development priorities, but none constitutes a strategic environmental evaluation to inform the priorities between different uses of the land and of natural resources. Read the report...
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The need for a land use plan is widely recognised but such a proc
The need for a land use plan is widely recognised but such a process, which involves various ministries, has not yet commenced. The REDD process requires macro and micro zoning, but there are various opinions as to which type should be carried out first. Little progress is currently being made. Read the report...
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| Independent Monitoring of Forest Governance and Operations |
There is an independent observer whose reports are made public af
There is an independent observer whose reports are made public after approval by a Review Committee set up by the Minister of Forests and Wildlife. Read the report...
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There is currently no independent Forest Monitor, but there are p
There is currently no independent Forest Monitor, but there are plans to establish such a role as part of the implementation of the Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade Voluntary Partnership Agreement with the European Union. Read the report...
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Regulation 108-07 on Chain of Custody states that “It shall be th
Regulation 108-07 on Chain of Custody states that “It shall be the policy of the Authority to move over time toward a formal system of Independent Forest Monitoring”. After six years there is little progress in establishing a body with this official role, but the Voluntary Partnership Agreement with the European Union includes scope for civil society monitoring. Read the report...
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The Peoples’ Ombudsman is an autonomous body that has decentralis
The Peoples’ Ombudsman is an autonomous body that has decentralised offices at the national level, which oversees the fulfilment of the duties of the public administration. Like the Office for Supervision of Forest and Wildlife Resources (OSINFOR in Spanish), it is not an independent body but rather one attached to the State Read the report...
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There is no organisation contracted in Ecuador to carry out Indep
There is no organisation contracted in Ecuador to carry out Independent Forest Monitoring. However, the model of forest governance that the Ministry of Environment is in the process of implementing recognises the evaluation and monitoring of forest management as a key element. Read the report...
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A number of officially recognised bodies monitor the forest secto
A number of officially recognised bodies monitor the forest sector, such as the National Forest Programme and to a lesser degree the Office of the Human Rights Ombudsman, but they do not necessarily specifically oversee forest governance and operations. Read the report...
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In 2010 the Congolese government signed a partnership agreement w
In 2010 the Congolese government signed a partnership agreement with the NGO REM to play the role of Independent Forest Monitor. REM has already led some missions to record violations of the Forest Code in the Equateur and Bandundu provinces. However, the review committee to approve publication of its reports has not yet been set up. Read the report...
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| Forestry Tax Collection and Funding Systems |
A decree regulates the management and redistribution of income fr
A decree regulates the management and redistribution of income from logging, but information on the amounts collected and distributed are not routinely made available. Read the report...
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The collection and distribution of royalties and land revenue inc
The collection and distribution of royalties and land revenue including forestry is defined in law, and information on it is published. Read the report...
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The National Forest Reform Law allocates thirty percent of land r
The National Forest Reform Law allocates thirty percent of land rental fees to communities entitled to benefit sharing under Forest Resources Licenses. The Community Rights Law allows communities to receive 55% revenue from logging concessions on community forest land up to 50,000 hectares. The National Benefit Sharing Trust was formally constituted in January 2011 and benefit sharing regulations were approved in June 2011. Read the report...
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The redistribution of taxes and royalties in the system called th
The redistribution of taxes and royalties in the system called the Forest Canon of behalf of the regional and local governments is found in the Canon Law Nº 27506. Data on the amounts collected and distributed are partially available in the websites of the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Institute of Statistics and Information and the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Read the report...
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There is a no taxation system other than the payment of the “Pie
There is a no taxation system other than the payment of the “Pie de Monte”, which is a tax that is paid for harvested timber. The closest thing to a system of redistribution is the Socio Bosque Program, which provides an incentive to landowners to conserve forests. Read the report...
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There is a taxation system for the collection of taxes and redist
There is a taxation system for the collection of taxes and redistribution of royalties resulting from forestry operations, and a system of forest incentives. Information on the taxes is available on the webpage of the Ministry of Finance and information on the incentives is available on the webpage of the National Institute of Forests. Read the report...
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Since the beginning of 2011, the government has started uploading
Since the beginning of 2011, the government has started uploading quarterly reports to the Internet showing a summary of taxes collected from the mining, oil and forest sectors, but there is no transparency in terms of forest royalties’ redistribution. Read the report...
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| Forest Infractions |
Lists of forest offenders are published by the Ministry of Forest
Lists of forest offenders are published by the Ministry of Forests and Wildlife but at irregular intervals. Read the report...
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There is no official publication of forest offenders apart from t
There is no official publication of forest offenders apart from those that are arrested and/or prosecuted which appear in the newspapers. Read the report...
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There is no official or systematic publication of infractions, ev
There is no official or systematic publication of infractions, even though publishing a list of infractors and progress on penalties is a requirement of the National Forest Reform Law 2006. The Voluntary Partnership Agreement with the European Union is expected to improve law compliance. Read the report...
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The bodies directly involved in the forest sector do not publish
The bodies directly involved in the forest sector do not publish lists of infractors, in spite of regulatory instruments that stipulate their obligation to do so, which makes it difficult for citizens to identify individual infractors. Read the report...
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There is a list of offenders, but this information is not shared
There is a list of offenders, but this information is not shared among all the institutions with responsibilities for the management of forest resources. Read the report...
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The Forest Law, the Regulation of the Forest Law and the Regulati
The Forest Law, the Regulation of the Forest Law and the Regulation on the Movement of Forest Products has rules on the penalties for forest infractions. The Ministry of Interior publishes articles on forest infractions, which it is obliged to do by the Law of Access to Public Information, but there does not exist a specific section for this purpose. Read the report...
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In accordance with the Forest Code, the Ministry of Environment,
In accordance with the Forest Code, the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Tourism is in charge of monitoring infractions and collecting related data. It has delegated this task to the Department for Control and Verification and its forest inspectors. Due to the weakness and inadequacies of the authorities, few checks has been carried out so far and, consequently, little information is available and few forest infractions are pursued by relevant services. Read the report...
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| Annual Forest Authority Report |
Annual reports are produced but not publicly released.
Annual reports are produced but not publicly released. Read the report...
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The Forestry Commission is required in the Forest Charter to publ
The Forestry Commission is required in the Forest Charter to publish an annual report and present it to parliament through the Minister. The last annual report was produced in 2006, but more recent reports from sub-divisions have been published Read the report...
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Even though the National Forest Reform Law, Section 20.1, sets ou
Even though the National Forest Reform Law, Section 20.1, sets out the requirement for an annual report, only a draft 2008 report is available on the Forestry Development Authority website Read the report...
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In spite of that the law requires the presentation of an annual r
In spite of that the law requires the presentation of an annual report, the General Directorate of Forests and Wildlife only present a statistical yearbook, which cannot be considered to be a complete report. Read the report...
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The Ministry of Environment publishes an annual report of activit
The Ministry of Environment publishes an annual report of activities. The 2011 report presents a section about forest governance. In addition, annual reports are published from the Forest Administration and Monitoring System. Read the report...
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The latest annual report of the National Institute of Forests abo
The latest annual report of the National Institute of Forests about its activities in general was the Work Report of 2009. To date the 2010 and 2011 reports have not been published, but the National Council of Protected Areas has a more recent publication from 2010. Read the report...
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The forest authorities seldom publish an annual report.
The forest authorities seldom publish an annual report. Read the report...
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