Is there a system of social obligations, where concession holders have to provide benefits directly to affected communities?
No, there is no formal or legal mechanism that obliges permit holders to provide financial support or payments in kind to communities as part of a social obligation system. In practice, some permit holders reach agreements with communities to be able to operate without conflicts. It is important to differentiate this from payments for damages that permit holders cause to communities, and to note that the later is a matter falling under civil law, known as payments for damages.